Learning difficulties spreads along a spectrum to include many intellectual, emotional, and verbal disorders. It is not only a term for the more common ADD and autism, instead learning difficulties also cover more basic disorders that directly deal with a child's ability to learn. That is not to say that all learning difficulties do not present some difficulty for a child to learn because it does. However, these learning difficulties have to do with how your children see reading, writing, mathematics, speech, etc. It encompasses subjects directly correlating to a developing child's school career, which is why being familiar with these disabilities can be important.
Dyslexia
Dyslexia is a type of learning disability that impairs an individual's ability to read. It is a brain-based disability that causes a person to read at much lower levels than they are expected to. Dyslexia is a disability that is different from one person than it is from the next, but some of the common characteristics include finding it difficult to spell, to process the way things are phonetically pronounced, and correctly processing quick visual/verbal reactions. As a way to treat dyslexia, teaching is usually modified to adapt to the way dyslexic pupils read and process words. Dyslexia is a life-long disability and it is best that the individual figure out early on what works for them because there is no cure.
Dyscalculia
Dyscalculia is a specific type of learning disability that affects an individual and their ability to comprehend and learn mathematical skills. In terms of learning disabilities, it shares a lot of similarities with dyslexia. However, it is not as widely known as dyslexia. Dyscalculia has the ability to affect any individual, no matter the intelligence level and generally refers to a person's difficulty with understanding time, spatial reasoning, and measurement. But these particular problem areas are not always the case. It is estimated that dyscalculia affects about 5% of the population.
Aphasia
Aphasia, commonly referred to as receptive language disability, is affiliated with a child's ability to comprehend and follow verbal instructions. Children with aphasia may struggle with and appear to be helpless when trying to speak or pronounce words. Even repeating some phrases said to them may be an extremely arduous task for a child with an aphasia learning disability. Although the learning disability does have a proven effective treatment called melodic intonation therapy, this treatment is not true for all aphasia cases. Aphasia can be dealt with on a day to day basis by others using eye contact and speaking slowly with simple words to the child.
Expressive Language Disability
Expressive language disability is a disorder affecting communication where an individual has difficulty with written and spoken communication. This creates issues with an individual's ability to produce complex sentences, their vocabulary, recalling words that they once learned, as well as potentially creating issues with their ability to articulate words. This disability not only affects an individual's ability to produce speech, but also to retain memories. An apparent memory problem occurs, but is only detrimental toward the verbal aspect of things, whereas the unspoken based memory remains unaffected. It is a disability that cannot go away on its own and can be treated by a specific type of speech therapy. It affects not only school, but also work later in an individual's life.
Nonverbal Learning Disability
Nonverbal learning disability deals with a child learning more through sound than sight. The child suffers from poor visualization skills and therefore depends on hearing to learn rather than seeing. This is one of the lesser common learning difficulties because even with the adherence of seeing poorly, the child will still have average to above average grades. However, the child is always going to sort of lag behind her pupils because as he or she grows and becomes familiar with his or her environment that strong hearing ability they once had begins to kind of cripple them. Social skills and coordination are two of the things that suffer because of this.
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